The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq brings back to focus an analogous recent event which, however remains unresolved: the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974. Both invasions are characterized by a number of parallels, including condemnation by the United Nations and systematic attempts by the aggressors to eliminate the identity of the conquered regions in an effort to absorb them into their domain. The invasion of Cyprus differs from that of Kuwait in one essential respect: whereas Iraq’s invasion was based on the decision of one man, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein, the roots of Turkish aggression against Cyprus can be traced to ideological and political developments dating to the 1950s. Through his exhaustive research of the Turkish diplomatic and political literature of the last century, Dr. Ioannides examines the ideological foundations of Pan-Turkism – Turkish irredentist nationalism. He demonstrates how this ideology and the manipulation of Islamic sentiment in Turkey became critical factors in the development of Ankara’s policies toward Greece and Cyprus.